Fig. 2: Optogenetic stimulation of ChR2-expressing astrocytes activity-dependently inhibits firing of pyramidal neurons.

a Schematic of in vivo single-unit recording in naïve GFAP-ChR2^M1 mice. Astrocyte (green), Neuron (red). b The online recording process and offline sorting process of in vivo single-unit recording of putative pyramidal neuron with wide waveform. Inset panel, corresponding protrude autocorrelation of a representative putative pyramidal neuron. c Summary data of the responses of recorded M1 pyramidal neurons during astrocyte stimulation. d–f Representative peri-event raster histograms and time-frequency statistical charts showed the response of blue light stimulation in different frequency groups. g Schematic of in vivo single-unit recording in GFAP-ChR2^M1 mice in KA-induced seizure status. h Left panel, representative spikes and local field potentials of M1 pyramidal neurons during interictal and seizure phases. Right panel, quantification of the frequency of M1 pyramidal neurons during interictal and seizure phases. i Summary data of the responses of recorded M1 pyramidal neurons during astrocyte stimulation in KA-induced seizure status. j Time-frequency statistical charts showed the response of blue-light stimulation in different frequency groups in KA-induced seizure status. k Schematic of in vivo single-unit recording in RM1 after RM1 KA injection and LM1 blue light stimulation. l Summary data of the responses of recorded RM1 pyramidal neurons during astrocytes stimulation after RM1 KA injection and LM1 blue light stimulation. m, n Time-frequency statistical charts showed the response of blue-light stimulation in different frequency groups in KA-induced seizure status. **p < 0.01 compared with interictal phase. Data shown as mean ± s.e.m. The number of mice used is indicated in figures. For detailed statistical information, see Supplementary Data 1. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.