Fig. 4: Cortical activation patterns during REM sleep.
From: REM sleep is associated with distinct global cortical dynamics and controlled by occipital cortex
a The first PC of REM activity. Scale (ΔF/F0, z-score): −2 to 2. b Time course of PC1REM, showing a large dynamic change of the PC. Scale: EMG, 0.5 mV; coefficient of PC, scale, 0.01 and 10 s. c An example showing the dynamic change of the spreading activity during REM sleep. Scale (ΔF/F0, z-score): −1.5 to 1.5. d An example showing the PC1REM coefficient, EEG power ratio between θ and δ band, and eye movements in the horizontal direction. Scale: PC1, 0.02 and 10 s; EEG ratio, 1; eye movements, 10 pixels. The two blue boxes indicate two bouts of eye movements. e Correlation between PC1REM coefficient and EEG power ratio between θ and δ band. f Correlation between eye movements and PC1REM. PC1REM coefficient was aligned using the onset of eye movement. Each black trace represents averaged change of PC1REM coefficient from one recording (n = 9−29 events). The red trace is the group average (n = 4 mice). g Left, schematic diagram depicting LFP recording from the pons. Right, Examples of P-waves (Scale, 0.1 mV and 1 s) and associated cortical activity (Scale, ΔF/F0, z-score: −1.5 to 1.5). h–i Occipital activity increased immediately after the P-waves. PC1REM coefficient aligned to the negative peak of p-waves detected from one recording (h, n = 33) or from all 5 mice (i, n = 199). Scale in h, ΔF/F0 (z-score): −1.5 to 1.5. All black bars in the figure represent 1 mm. Raw data for e are provided in a Source Data file.
