Fig. 7: Control of REM sleep by the occipital cortex.
From: REM sleep is associated with distinct global cortical dynamics and controlled by occipital cortex
a Schematic of experiment and region of virus expression. b Percentage of each brain state during light stimulation (yellow shading). n = 25 sessions from 5 mice (5 sessions/mouse) for ChrimsonR group and 24 sessions from 5 mice (4 or 5 sessions/mouse) for mCherry group. Shading, SEM c Percentage of each brain state during stimulation and baseline. Wake, F(1, 8) = 0.097, P = 0.76; NREM, F(1, 8) = 13.0, P = 0.007; REM, F(1, 8) = 25.5, P < 0.001; ChrimsonR group: P = 0.74, 0.0017, and 0.00017 for Wake, NREM, and REM, respectively; mCherry group: P = 0.46, 0.65, and 0.60 for Wake, NREM, and REM, respectively; Two-way repeated measures ANOVA with Tukey’s posthoc test. d Normalized EEG power spectrum during light stimulation and baseline. Shading, SEM. P = 0.98 and 0.68 for REM and NREM, respectively; Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. n = 22 or 25 sessions from 5 mice for REM and NREM, respectively. e Transition probability for indicated brain states during light stimulation (shading). Red line, baseline transition probability. n = 25 sessions from 5 mice. P < 0.001 for both NREM → REM and NREM → NREM transitions; Paired t-test or Wilcoxon signed-rank test. P = 0.069 and 0.064 for REM → REM and REM → Wake transitions, respectively; Paired t-test or Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Data are mean ± SEM. f Diagram summarizing brain state transitions during light stimulation. g Schematic of experiment and region of virus expression. h Percentage of each brain state during stimulation and baseline. P = 0.33, 0.007, and 0.0028 for Wake, NREM, and REM, respectively; Paired t-test. n = 42 sessions from 6 mice. i Transition probability of NREM → REM and NREM → NREM during light stimulation (shading). n = 42 sessions from 6 mice. P < 0.001 for both transitions; Paired t-test. Data are mean ± SEM. j Schematic of experiment showing prolonged optogenetic suppression of the occipital cortex and an example recording (scale, 0.5 mv and 5 min). k Percentage of each brain state during light stimulation. n = 30 sessions from 6 mice (5 sessions/mouse). Shading, SEM l Percentage of REM sleep before, during, and after light stimulation. Before vs. Stimuli., P = 0.032; After vs. Stimuli., P < 0.0001; Before vs. After., P < 0.0002; One-way repeated measures ANOVA with Tukey’s posthoc test. n = 30 sessions from 6 mice. Raw data for c–e, h–j, and l are provided in a Source Data file.
