Fig. 3: Modulation of the applied E-field.

The bistability of SiO2/PCb-PEG-EG ERPCs (30/60/5/5 vol%) evaluated by a–c the time evolution of reflection intensity under different E-field waveforms, including d a strength modulation and e an intermittent modulation of the forward voltage, and f an impulsive modulation of the inverse voltage. The black, red, and blue reflection intensity evolutions in a–c were recorded under the corresponding E-fields in d–f plotted by the same color.