Fig. 5: Activation of CO2 by SFLPs on c-TiO2@a-TiO2-x(OH)y.

a, b Ex situ solid-state 1H MAS-NMR spectra of c-TiO2@a-TiO2-x(OH)y (a) and c-TiO2 (b) before (purple) and after (orange) exposure to H2 at atmospheric pressure and room temperature. c–e H2 adsorption resulting in the formation of two surface OH (c) or a Ti-H and an OH on amorphous titania surfaces (d), or absorbed H atoms on crystalline TiO2-x (e). The Ti, O and H atoms are represented in gray, red, and blue, respectively. f, g In situ DRIFTS spectra of CO2 reduction over c-TiO2@ a-TiO2-x(OH)y (f) and c-TiO2 (g) at various temperatures while flowing 2 sccm H2, 2 sccm CO2, and 16 sccm He.