Fig. 7: Identification of SDC4 as the downstream molecular target of LRP3 in chondrocytes.

a IHC staining for SDC4 in human cartilage (n = 5). b IHC staining for SDC4 in rat tibial cartilage (n = 5). c IHC staining for SDC4 in mouse tibial cartilage, (n = 5). d Quantification of SDC4 mRNA (n = 4, two-tailed Student’s t-test) and proteins levels (n = 3) in rat chondrocytes treated with IL-1β (10 ng/ml) and TNF-α (20 ng/ml). e Quantification of mRNA (n = 4) and proteins levels (n = 3) in rat chondrocytes treated with Lv-Sdc4. f The Elisa analysis of ARGSVIL in the cell culture supernatant of rat chondrocytes treated with Lv-con 335 or Lv-Sdc4 (n = 4). g Quantification of mRNA (n = 4) and proteins levels (n = 3) in TNF-α (20 ng/ml)-induced rat OA chondrocytes treated with Lv-siSdc4. h The Elisa analysis of ARGSVIL in the cell culture supernatant of TNF-α (20 ng/ml)-induced rat OA chondrocytes treated with Lv-siSdc4 (n = 4). i IHC staining for ARGSVIL in tibial cartilage of vehicle or Lv-Sdc4 injected rats (n = 4). j The interaction of SDC4 and ADAMTS5 was verified by co-immunoprecipitation (co-IP) analysis (n = 3). k Quantification of mRNA (n = 4) and proteins levels (n = 3) in rat chondrocytes treated with Lv-siLrp3 and Lv-siSdc4. l The Elisa analysis of ARGSVIL in the cell culture supernatant of rat chondrocytes treated with Lv-siLrp3 and Lv-siSdc4 (n = 4). m Quantification of mRNA (n = 4) and proteins levels (n = 3) in TNF-α (20 ng/ml)-induced rat OA chondrocytes treated with Lv-Lrp3 and Lv-Sdc4. n The Elisa analysis of ARGSVIL in the cell culture supernatant of TNF-α (20 ng/ml)-induced rat OA chondrocytes treated with Lv-Lrp3 and Lv-Sdc4 (n = 4). o Schematic of the role of cholesterol-LRP3-SDC4 axis in the pathogenesis of OA cartilage degeneration. Data are shown as the mean ± SD. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001. For statistical analysis, a–i were performed by two-tailed Student’s t-test; k–n were performed by one-way ANOVA. n indicates the number of biologically independent samples, mice per group, or human specimens.