Fig. 7: In vivo targeting effects of CTLH NP in pregnant rats with stenosis-induced DVT.

a, b Ex vivo fluorescence images (a) and quantitative data (b) showing the accumulation of Cy5-TLH NP and Cy5-CTLH NP in normal veins and veins with thrombi at 4 h after injection in pregnant rats at G10. For the saline group, DVT rats were treated with saline. c Typical SEM images indicate the presence of CTLH NP on the endothelial surface of the left iliac vein with thrombosis. The control group was treated with saline. CTLH NP is illustrated in purple. Scale bars, 1 μm. d Two-photon microscopy observation of the co-localization of Cy3-CTLH NP with FITC-labeled fibrin in the left iliac vein with stenosis-induced DVT at 4 h after i.v. injection of Cy3-CTLH NP. Scale bar, 50 μm. e–g Immunofluorescence analysis of the co-localization of Cy5-TLH NP or Cy5-CTLH NP with vWF-positive endothelial cells (e), MPO-positive neutrophils (f), and CD61-positive platelets (g) in cryosections of left iliac veins. Pregnant rats (at G10) with DVT were administered with Cy5-TLH NP or Cy5-CTLH NP by i.v. injection. At 4 h after administration, rats were euthanized and left iliac veins were isolated for analysis. Scale bars, 40 μm. h Ex vivo imaging of placentas and fetuses at 4 h after i.v. injection of Cy5-TLH NP or Cy5-CTLH NP in normal or DVT pregnant rats (at G15). i Microscopic observation of placental sections. Upper panel, bright field images; lower panel, fluorescence images. Scale bars, 2 mm. In the saline group, DVT rats were treated with saline. Data in b are mean ± s.d. (n = 6 independent samples). Statistical significance was assessed by one-way ANOVA with post hoc LSD tests. ***p < 0.001. Data in a, c–i are representative of six independent samples. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.