Fig. 3: Current estimated phenological escape duration in northern temperate deciduous forests.
From: Wildflower phenological escape differs by continent and spring temperature

Estimated mean difference between wildflower First Flower Date (FFD) and canopy tree Leaf Out Date (LOD) (in days) under current climate conditions (averaged from 2009–2018, see methods) in a Asia, b Europe, and c North America. Negative values indicate tree LOD is estimated to occur before wildflower FFD. Estimations were cropped by the estimated area of broadleaf and mixed-broadleaf forest (see methods). Dark gray regions indicate areas where the consensus land classification is <1% deciduous or mixed deciduous forest cover. An uncropped version of this figure is available in Fig. S11.