Fig. 2: The proportion of susceptible populations and new infections of EV-A71 (a cutoff titre of 16) and incidence of EV-A71–related hand, foot, and mouth diseases by age and season.

a Age-specific proportion of susceptible populations for all study participants in Children and Neonate cohort (points represent observed mean proportion; blue curve represents fitted mean proportion, whereas blue shadow represents corresponding 95% CI; the ticks between label 0 and 1 on x-axis represent 1–11 months of age). b Age-specific incidence of EV-A71 infections identified by serology for those study participants with paired sera before and after HFMD epidemics23.In the x-axis, “m” represents age in months, “y” represents age in years. Error bar represents corresponding 95% CI. *Age at the first blood draw for the paired sera. c Incidence of EV-A71-associated hand, foot, and mouth diseases in Hunan province by age group. Error bar represents corresponding 95% CI. Note: the sample size of each panel was listed in Supplementary Table 9.