Table 1 Human capital losses of annual heatwave-related preterm births in actual climate and those caused by anthropogenic climate change in China

From: The burden of heatwave-related preterm births and associated human capital losses in China

Human capital dimensions

Annual aPTBs and related outcomes

N (Cases or IQ points) (95% CI)

Economic cost per outcome (2015$, in millions)

Cost of aPTBs or entire human capital (2015$, in millions)

Actual climate (observed)

 

aPTBs

13262 (6962, 18802)

929.7

929.7

Health

Neonatal death

178 (93, 253)

—

2957.5

 

Child asthma

125 (66, 177)

2.9

 
 

T1D (age<15)

5 (3, 8)

1.0*

 
 

T2D (age>44)

628 (329, 891)

30.5*

 

Cognition

Reduced IQ

111400 (58480, 157936)

1258.6

 

Non-cognition

ASD

876 (460, 1243)

1582.0

 
 

ADHD

453 (238, 643)

82.5

 

Anthropogenic climate change (simulated)

 

aPTBs

4609 (711, 6111)

323.1

323.1

Health

Neonatal death

62 (9, 82)

—

1027.0

 

Child asthma

43 (7, 58)

1.0

 
 

T1D (age<15)

2 (0, 3)

0.4*

 
 

T2D (age>44)

218 (34, 290)

10.6*

 

Cognition

Reduced IQ

38715 (5972, 51332)

437.4

 

Non-cognition

ASD

304 (47, 404)

549.0

 
 

ADHD

157 (24, 209)

28.6

 
  1. aPTBs, heatwave-attributable preterm births, reported as the annual average number; CI, confidence interval; T1D, type 1 diabetes; T2D, type 2 diabetes; IQ, intelligence quotient; ASD, autism spectrum disorder; ADHD, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. *these costs are in 2014 USD.