Fig. 7: NMPNs suppress tumour in vivo and improve overall therapeutic outcome.

a Schematic illustration of the establishment of orthotopic liver tumour mice model and treatment process. b Representative bioluminescence (BLI) images of each group after different treatments. c Quantitative BLI signals of tumours after different treatments. n = 5 mice. Statistical significances were analyzed by two-tailed unpaired Student’s t-test. d Representative images of liver collected from each treatment group on day 31. Black arrows indicate the tumour tissues. e Representative TUNEL and DAPI staining images of tumour tissues. Scale bar: 200 μm. f, g Western blot analysis and quantitative analysis of γ-H2AX, XPA and XPF in the nucleus of tumour cells after different treatments. n = 3 independent experiments. h The body weight changes of mice with different treatments. n = 5 mice. i The survival curves of orthotopic liver tumour mice after different treatments. n = 9 mice. j The schematic illustration of NMPNs to induce Pt-DNA adduct formation and oxidative cleavage for inhibiting the recruitment of XPA and XPF, which nullifies NER pathway and thus suppresses the tumour growth in vivo. All data are presented as means ± SEM. Statistical significances were analyzed by one-way ANOVA with multiple comparisons test (g, h) and the log-rank (Mantel–Cox) test (i). Source data are provided as a Source Data file.