Table 2 p values from phylogenetic honest significant differences (HSD) test, testing whether modern bird claws with different ecological groupings have different shapes, via traditional morphometrics when digit I is excluded

From: Exceptional preservation and foot structure reveal ecological transitions and lifestyles of early theropod flyers

 

Constrict

Ground

Perch

Restraint

Scavenge

Strike

Constrict

 

6.58E–01

1.85E–01

3. 82E–01

4.77E–01

7. 73E–01

Ground

6.58E–01

 

4.00E–03**

2.20E–02*

1.52E–01

3.08E–01

Perch

1.85E–01

4.00E–03**

 

8.00E–01

8.49E–01

2.11E–01

Restraint

3.82E–01

2.50E–02*

8.00E–01

 

9.95E–01

5.13E–01

Scavenge

4.77E–01

1.52E–01

8.49E–01

9.95E–01

 

7.53E–01

Strike

7.73E–01

3.08E–01

2.11E–01

5.13E–01

7.53E–01

 
  1. Table S1 in ref. 12 provides data for when digit I information is included; inclusion of digit I does not affect which groups are significantly different. p values are indicated with one asterisk (*) for significance at the 0.05 level and two (**) at the 0.01 level. Note that the pairwise() function in RRPP48 places a lower limit on the returned p value, so p values reported as 1.00E–03 may be more significant. Adjustments are made for multiple comparisons in HSD.