Fig. 2: Acoustic and multi-instrument recording of the direct dust devil encounter.

Data from the SuperCam microphone and the Mars Environmental Dynamics Analyzer (MEDA) instrument during the dust devil encounter. a The normalised microphone sound amplitude Root-Mean-Square (RMS) in the 20–60 Hz bandwidth calculated in 2-s windows, b the pressure data as measured by the MEDA barometer, c the atmospheric temperature at height (z) = 1.45 m as measured by the MEDA air temperature sensors (ATS) sensors, d the atmospheric temperature at the height of around 40 m as measured by the MEDA Thermal Infrared Sensor (TIRS), e the wind direction and f the wind speed as measured by the MEDA wind sensors, g the MEDA Radiation and Dust Sensor (RDS) TOP-7 sensor measurements, and h the MEDA RDS TOP-8 sensor measurements. In each of the panels, the data are shown in black and the modeling results are in red (see “Generating synthetic vortex data”), assuming the vortex parameters provided in Table 1. The time is indicated from the start of the SuperCam microphone recording. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.