Fig. 3: The rover’s Navigation Camera (Navcam) observations of the direct dust devil encounter.

The Navcam scene (the average background image, top panel) and each dust devil image processed to dust amount (five lower panels), masking out only the truly indeterminate areas (grey). The colour scale ranges from optical depth, τ = 0 at the bottom (blue) to τ = 0.12 at the top (yellow), and is linear in between. The areas with low signal-to-noise ratio are masked out, and the images also show non-random noise (banding from instrument electronics during readout). The grid on the scene image (top panel) is 5 ° in local level azimuth and elevation; the darker grey contours are Elevation=0° and Azimuth=165°. The first dust devil image was taken at the rover spacecraft clock (SCLK) time of 686020326 s. The time indicated in the top right corners of the images is with respect to the start of the SuperCam microphone recording.