Fig. 5: Identification and quantification of grain impacts.
a The pressure data during the dust devil encounter, b the spectrogram of the microphone sound amplitude calculated using a window size of 0.2 seconds in order to resolve the fine details in the acoustic data, c a histogram (gray) and cumulative histogram (orange) of the grain impacts as a function of time and, d the microphone sound amplitude time series zoomed in around 4.6 s to show the loud, very broadband, signal. Three bursts of grain impacts can be observed in both the spectrogram (b) and histogram (c). At t1 Perseverance is in the leading vortex wall, at t2 Perseverance is inside the eye of the vortex, and at t3 Perseverance is in the tailing vortex wall (see Fig. 4). Source data are provided as a Source Data file.
