Fig. 3: Orchard plots illustrating results of multivariate meta-analysis.

Orchard plots show model point estimate (black open ellipse) and associated confidence interval (CIs) (thick black horizontal line), 95% prediction intervals (PIs) (thin black horizontal line; PI represents heterogeneity), and individual effect sizes (filled circle), which are scaled by their sample size (N), the number of mice included per trait. The number of effect sizes (number of phenotypic traits) is represented by k. a Overall difference between male and female absolute values for allometric intercept. b Overall difference between male and female absolute values for allometric slope. c Overall difference between male and female values for residual variance (SD). d Difference between male and female values for allometric intercept, separated by functional group. e Difference between male and female values for allometric slope, separated by functional group. f Difference between male and female values for residual variance (SD), separated by functional group.