Table 1 Sample characteristics
From: Multi-organ imaging demonstrates the heart-brain-liver axis in UK Biobank participants
Characteristic | Main set (n = 30,444) | Liver subset (n = 15,097) | Three-organ set (n = 6865) |
|---|---|---|---|
Female | 15,905 (52.2%) | 8,145 (54.0%) | 3,736 (54.4%) |
Male | 14,539 (47.8%) | 6,952 (46.0%) | 3,129 (45.6%) |
Age at imaging (years) | 63.2 (±7.5) | 62.6 (±7.5) | 62.7 (±7.4) |
SBP (mmHg) | 137.8 (±18.2) | 137.0 (±17.9) | 136.8 (±17.3) |
BMI (Kg/m2) | 25.9 [23.5, 28.8] | 25.7 [23.4, 28.5] | 25.7 [23.5, 28.4] |
BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 | 5469 (18.0%) | 2446 (16.2%) | 1052 (15.3%) |
Smoking status | |||
Never smoked | 18,962 (62.3%) | 9462 (62.7%) | 4346 (63.3%) |
Previous smoker | 10,160 (33.4%) | 4953 (32.8%) | 2232 (32.5%) |
Current smoker | 1095 (3.6%) | 566 (3.7%) | 241 (3.5%) |
Physical activity (total MET-minutes/week) | |||
Highly active (>3,000) | 9635 (31.6%) | 4557 (30.2%) | 2082 (30.3%) |
Moderately active (600–2,999) | 15,551 (51.1%) | 7833 (51.9%) | 3605 (52.5%) |
Inactive (<600) | 5008 (16.4%) | 2573 (17.0%) | 1126 (16.4%) |
(Missing) | 250 (0.8%) | 134 (0.9%) | 52 (0.8%) |
Alcohol consumption frequency | |||
Never | 1963 (6.4%) | 955 (6.3%) | 418 (6.1%) |
Less than once per week | 6547 (21.5%) | 3212 (21.3%) | 1453 (21.2%) |
Once per week or more | 21,704 (71.3%) | 10,814 (71.6%) | 4948 (72.1%) |
(Missing) | 230 (0.8%) | 116 (0.8%) | 46 (0.7%) |
Diagnosed status at imaging | |||
Diabetes | 1737 (5.7%) | 753 (5.0%) | 336 (4.9%) |
Hypertension | 9855 (32.4%) | 4649 (30.8%) | 2043 (29.8%) |
High cholesterol | 10,541 (34.6%) | 5048 (33.4%) | 2280 (33.2%) |
Cardiac imaging | |||
LVSVi (ml/m2) | 46.9 (±8.4) | 46.8 (±8.0) | 46.8 (±7.9) |
LV GFI (%) | 47.6 (±6.9) | 47.8 (±6.7) | 48.0 (±6.6) |
LVM/LVEDV (g/ml) | 0.57 [0.52, 0.63] | 0.57 [0.52, 0.63] | 0.57 [0.52, 0.63] |
Aortic distensibility (x10−3 mmHg−1) | 2.23 [1.60, 3.03] | 2.27 [1.62, 3.07] | 2.24 [1.61, 3.04] |
(Missing all cardiac metrics) | 581 (1.9%) | 443 (2.9%) | – |
Liver imaging | |||
Liver fat (PDFF, %) | 2.87 [2.00, 4.76] | 2.87 [2.00, 4.76] | 3.02 [2.12, 5.22] |
Fatty liver (PDFF >5%) | 3503 (23.2%)* | 3503 (23.2%) | 1825 (26.6%) |
Liver cT1 (ms) | 693 [662, 729] | 693 [662, 729] | 691 [661, 727] |
Liver iron (mg/g) | 1.22 [1.13, 1.36] | 1.22 [1.13, 1.36] | 1.22 [1.12, 1.36] |
(Missing all liver metrics) | 15,347 (50.4) | – | – |
Brain imaging | |||
Total brain volume (mL) | 1498.4 (±72.9) | 1504.4 (±72.6) | 1502.3 (±71.9) |
Grey matter volume (mL) | 794.1 (±47.8) | 797.3 (±47.9) | 797.4 (±47.0) |
White matter hyperintensities (mL) | 2.74 [1.48, 5.57] | 2.58 [1.40, 5.08] | 2.68 [1.46, 5.17] |
(Missing all brain metrics) | 1,317 (4.3%) | 1,317 (8.7%) | – |
