Fig. 5: Evidence grading diagram on periodontal diseases as an exposure to an NCD. | Nature Communications

Fig. 5: Evidence grading diagram on periodontal diseases as an exposure to an NCD.

From: An umbrella review of the evidence linking oral health and systemic noncommunicable diseases

Fig. 5

The right side displays associations that increase the risk for the respective NCD (in red), whereas the left side shows associations that reduce the risk (in green). APOs adverse pregnancy outcomes, CVDs cardiovascular diseases, CKD chronic kidney disease, Dis. disease. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.

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