Fig. 5: Assessment of ALS patient clinical parameters in the context of disease subtypes.

a Kaplan–Meier survival for the three identified ALS subtypes, with n = 150 patients. Patients without an available age of onset or disease duration were excluded from this analysis. The ALS-Glia subtype is significantly associated with a shorter survival duration (p < 0.01, log-rank test). The ALS-Ox subtype had a median survival duration of 36 months, while the ALS-TD group had the longest median survival (42 months). b Age of disease onset plotted as boxplots for the three ALS subtypes, with n = 151 patients. No significant differences are observed in age of onset by subtype. The median is indicated by the solid black line, and first and third quartiles are captured by the bounds of the box. Boxplot whiskers are defined as the first and third quartiles –/+ interquartile range times 1.5, respectively, and outliers are denoted as solid black points. Minimum and maximum values are captured by the lowermost and uppermost points, respectively, or whisker bound if no outliers are shown. c Age at death plotted as boxplots for the ALS-Glia, ALS-Ox, and ALS-TD subtypes, with n = 178 patients. Again, no significant differences are observed. d ALS subtype site of symptom onset, with the ‘Other’ category comprising axial (4), axial-limb (2), bulbar-limb (4), axial-bulbar (1), generalized (1), and unknown (9) sites of onset. e FTLD comorbidity was converted to a percentage and plotted as a bar graph. A Chi-square test of independence was used to assess whether ALS subtype and FTLD comorbidity were associated (p = 0.59, one-tailed). Source data are provided as a Source Data file.