Fig. 4: Optimization of rolled-up SW for enhancing T_lum and ΔT_sol.

a Simulated \({\triangle T}_{{{{{{{\rm{sol}}}}}}}}\) of rolled-up SW as functions of K and L/L^*. The solid points represent the parameters selected of rolled-up SW in the experiment. The inset is schematic of rolled-up structures. The length of rolled-up structures, L = 200 μm. b Transmittance spectra of the rolled-up SW with the K of 1.45 × 10⁴ m⁻¹ (I), 1.26 × 10⁴ m⁻¹ (II), 0.85 × 10⁴ m⁻¹ (III), and 0 (VO₂ NM) at different temperatures. The L/L^* is kept constant at 0.67. c Transmittance spectra of the rolled-up SW with L/L^* of 0.87 (V), 0.80 (IV), and 0.67 (II) at different temperatures. The K is kept constant at 1.26 × 10⁴ m⁻¹. d Fatigue tests of the rolled-up SWs switching between low τ and high τ. Insets are the microscope images of rolled-up SWs at low τ and high τ. Scale bar: 100 μm. The corresponding error bar represents standard deviation. 25 rolled-up structures on sample IV after every 50 heating-cooling circles were measured once and the results were used to calculate the standard deviation. e Comparison of this work with the best-reported experimental works regarding the \({T}_{{{{{{\rm{lum}}}}}}}\) and \({\triangle T}_{{{{{{\rm{sol}}}}}}}\), and the schematics of corresponding different types of VO₂-based SW are displayed^{5,13,17,18,19,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59}. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.