Fig. 10: Blockade of PACAP receptor impairs aversive memory induced by the lPB-PSTN.

a Schematic of microinjection and placement of the LED cannula unit. b Experimental schedule of the real-time place aversion test using C57BL/6J mice. The PACAP receptor antagonist PA8 was injected 30 min before the conditioning session. c, d Summary of time spent in each arm (c) and the number of entries into each arm (d) during the habituation session. e Effects of PA8 administration on averaged locomotion speed of YFP mice during the conditioning session (Veh, n = 5; PA8, n = 5). f Effects of PA8 administration on the escape behavior of Chronos mice during the conditioning session (Veh, n = 6; PA8, n = 7). g, h Summary of time spent in each arm (g) and the number of entries into each arm (h) during 0–10 min of the conditioning session. i Density plots and scatter plots showing the position of a representative mouse in a conditioning session (top) and retrieval session (bottom) in Chronos mice. Plots shown are for the same mouse across sessions. j, k Summary of time spent in each arm (j) and the number of entries into each arm (k) during 0–10 min of the retrieval session. Each circle represents results from one mouse (YFP-Veh, n = 5; YFP-PA8, n = 5; Chronos-Veh, n = 6; Chronos-PA8, n = 7). Data are represented as mean ± SEM. n.s., p > 0.05; *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01 (Unpaired two-sided t-test (e, f) and paired two-sided t-test followed by correction with Holm method (c, d, g, h, j, k)). See also Supplementary Fig. 8.