Fig. 2: Comparison of measured and modeled black carbon (BC) deposition fluxes for the thirteen ice cores.

Observed (decadal) mean annual black carbon deposition fluxes (gray) at all sites except for Holtedahlfonna, for which elemental carbon (EC) deposition is given with a sampling resolution of ca. 2–5 years. The a priori modeled values were obtained by using the biomass burning emissions and the black carbon inventories for CMIP5 (light blue) and CMIP6 (dark blue), combined with monthly emission sensitivities and scaled to the measured fluxes of the latest available decade. Modeled BC deposition fluxes using a posteriori emissions from the inversion are shown with black lines. Notice that the ordinate scales are different in each panel.