Fig. 1: Distribution of Enterobacter species among six university hospitals in Germany.
From: Resolving colistin resistance and heteroresistance in Enterobacter species
a A total of 165 Enterobacter isolates were studied. Genome-based species classification showed E. xiangfangensis as the most frequent species at all centers. Values in parentheses denote the % of total Enterobacter (n = 165) isolates. The outline map of Germany is obtained from https://vemaps.com. b Phylogenomic distribution of the Enterobacter isolates obtained between 2011 and 2018 from six different study centers. Whole-genome sequence-based study of 165 Enterobacter isolates revealed 65.4% of isolates to be E. xiangfangensis. Bayesian Analysis of Population Structure (BAPS) in concordance with the multi-phylogenomic approach (concatenate core genes (shown here), core- and whole-genome) clustered E. xiangfangensis isolates into four lineages. A majority (60% of E. xiangfangensis isolates) belonged to Lineage-1, which harbor arnBCADTEF gene cassette associated with colistin heteroresistance. Importantly, 9 E. xiangfangensis and 4 other Enterobacter species isolates carried the recently identified mobile colistin resistance gene mcr-9. The hsp60 types correlated well to the phylogenomic lineages. The lineages were supported by bootstrap values (100). The distribution data for the isolates are provided in the Source data file.
