Fig. 5: Electrochemical ascorbate oxidation mechanism of HT-STAM-17-OEt.

a Potentiodynamic polarization curves of HT-STAM-17-OEt in 0.1 M NaCl (pH = 7) in the absence and presence of ascorbate. b In situ EC-IR spectrum of HT-STAM-17-OEt in 0.1 M NaCl (pH = 7) at different times at 0.5 V vs. Ag/AgCl. c Cu 2p XPS profiles of HT-STAM-17-OEt. d Resolved 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th harmonic components of AC voltammograms for HT-STAM-17-OEt in 0.1 M NaCl (f = 9 Hz, ΔE = 0.080 V). e Positively charged Cu paddle wheel as an oxidation center. f Electrooxidation process of ascorbate. The blue, red, brown, and gray balls represent Cu, O, C, and H atoms, respectively. Finite element simulated current distribution on the g 3D STAM−17-OEt microslate, h 3D HT-STAM-17-OEt with cubic defects, and i 2D HT-STAM-17-OEt layer with cubic defects at different overpotentials.