Fig. 1: Opposite mitochondrial morphologies result in mtDNA-dependent sterile inflammation associated with distinct mtDNA intracellular location.

a NFκB target and type I IFN response gene expression in myoblasts with fragmented mitochondria (n = 7). b IL1β and IFNβ levels in cultured media from myoblasts with fragmented mitochondria (n = 6). c NFκB target and type I IFN response gene expression in myoblasts with elongated mitochondria (n = 7). d IL1β and IFNβ levels in cultured media from myoblasts with elongated mitochondria (n = 6). NFκB target gene expression upon mtDNA depletion in myoblasts with e fragmented and f elongated mitochondria (n = 6). g Representative immunoblot of LAMP1, TIMM23 and Tubulin in subcellular fractionations (n = 3). Expression of mtDNA-encoded genes relative to nuclear-encoded gene (bActin) in cytosolic fractions of myoblast with h fragmented (n = 7) or i elongated (n = 6) mitochondria. a–d, i, h Two-sided Students’ t test per gene. e, f Two-way ANOVA test and post hoc t tests. Data are expressed as the mean of n independent experiments ± SEM.*p vs. Scr <0.05. #p vs cognate KD - ddC <0.05. a, c Created with BioRender.com. a–i Source data is provided in the Source Data File.