Fig. 7: Changes in gene expression during puberty are associated with age at menarche and asthma risk.

a Miami plot representing our TWAS analysis p-values for age at menarche across the genome (see Methods). Each dot is a gene; red line represents the Bonferroni significance threshold. Genes with higher expression in females undergoing menarche later are plotted above the x axis, genes with higher expression in females undergoing menarche earlier are plotted below the x axis. Shade of gray and x-tick marks separate chromosomes. Green color represents TWAS genes which were also significantly downregulated in postmenarcheal females. b Expression of genes associated with age at menarche differs across puberty in females. Traits (left column) are connected to their respective differentially expressed genes (middle column) which are connected to the TWAS trait of age at menarche. Color represents the trait: age (grey), puberty (lilac) and menarche (red). c Barplot of the number of genes previously implicated in asthma whose expression levels differed across pubertal traits (y axis).