Fig. 4: Formaldehyde induces DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) mainly in S/G2 phase and homologous recombination.
From: A CRISPR-Cas9 screen identifies EXO1 as a formaldehyde resistance gene
Immunofluorescence (IF) staining against a γH2AX (pSer 139), b γH2AX (pSer 139) in S-phase cells determined by EdU staining, c RPA2, and d RAD51 as well as cyclin A in RPE-1 cells under 0, 70, 100, 130 µM formaldehyde treatment for 18 h or 1 Gy irradiation. Data are shown with mean ± SEM from three independent experiments. RAD51 foci were quantified in cyclin A positive cells. ns: non-significant, *p < 0.1, ****p < 0.0001 (one-way ANOVA, followed by Kruskal–Wallis test). Representative images of IF are shown on the right.
