Fig. 4: Frequent gene flow of M. tuberculosis connects Paraguay’s major urban centers. | Nature Communications

Fig. 4: Frequent gene flow of M. tuberculosis connects Paraguay’s major urban centers.

From: Phylogeography and transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis spanning prisons and surrounding communities in Paraguay

Fig. 4

a–c We used discrete ancestral state reconstruction to reconstruct migration between the two cities for the three dominant sub-lineages in our sample; lineages 4.1.2.1, 4.3.3, and 4.4.1.1. Bayesian maximum clade credibility trees of samples in the three dominant sub-lineages with tip points colored by city of sampling and pie charts at nodes indicating the inferred ancestral location. Branch lengths are in years and grey bars indicate 95% high posterior density estimates of node date. A model of asymmetric rates of movement between the two cities was supported for sub-lineages 4.1.2.1 a model of symmetric rates of movement was supported for 4.3.3 and 4.4.1.1. d Map of Paraguay with pie charts indicating the genomic diversity sampled in Asunción (at Paraguay’s western border) and Ciudad del Este (eastern border). Arrows are colored by sub-lineage and are weighted by the relative rate of migration between cities. Bi-directional arrows indicate equal rates of migration in each direction. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.

Back to article page