Table 1 Characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 test-positive cases and test-negative controls

From: Effectiveness of mRNA-1273 vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 omicron subvariants BA.1, BA.2, BA.2.12.1, BA.4, and BA.5

 

Test positive

Test negative

p value

ASD

 

N = 30809

N = 92427

  

Vaccination status, n (%)

  

<0.01

0.16

 1-dose

278 (0.9%)

877 (0.9%)

  

 2-dose

6932 (22.5%)

18914 (20.5%)

  

 3-dose

12724 (41.3%)

43995 (47.6%)

  

 4-dose

966 (3.1%)

4084 (4.4%)

  

 Unvaccinated

9909 (32.2%)

24557 (26.6%)

  

Age at specimen collection date, years

  

0.19

0.01

 Mean (sd)

47.63 (17.07)

47.76 (17.32)

  

 Median

46

46

  

 Q1, Q3

34, 60

34, 61

  

 Min, max

18, 105

18, 107

  

Age at specimen collection date, years, n (%)

  

N/A

N/A

 18–44

14536 (47.2%)

43608 (47.2%)

  

 45–64

10708 (34.8%)

32124 (34.8%)

  

 65–74

3271 (10.6%)

9813 (10.6%)

  

 ≥75

2294 (7.4%)

6882 (7.4%)

  

Sex, n (%)

  

N/A

N/A

 Female

17167 (55.7%)

51501 (55.7%)

  

 Male

13642 (44.3%)

40926 (44.3%)

  

Race/Ethnicity, n (%)

  

N/A

N/A

 Non-Hispanic White

8903 (28.9%)

26709 (28.9%)

  

 Non-Hispanic Black

2503 (8.1%)

7509 (8.1%)

  

 Hispanic

13869 (45.0%)

41607 (45.0%)

  

 Non-Hispanic Asian

3499 (11.4%)

10497 (11.4%)

  

 Other/unknown

2035 (6.6%)

6105 (6.6%)

  

Body mass indexa, kg/m2, n (%)

  

<0.01

0.06

 <18.5

303 (1.0%)

987 (1.1%)

  

 18.5–<25

6140 (19.9%)

18913 (20.5%)

  

 25–<30

8696 (28.2%)

26804 (29.0%)

  

 30–<35

6351 (20.6%)

18828 (20.4%)

  

 35–<40

3122 (10.1%)

9734 (10.5%)

  

 40–<45

1366 (4.4%)

4253 (4.6%)

  

 ≥45

933 (3.0%)

2857 (3.1%)

  

Unknown

3898 (12.7%)

10051 (10.9%)

  

Smokinga, n (%)

  

<0.01

0.06

 No

22543 (73.2%)

67110 (72.6%)

  

 Yes

5206 (16.9%)

17359 (18.8%)

  

 Unknown

3060 (9.9%)

7958 (8.6%)

  

Charlson comorbidity scoreb,c

  

<0.01

0.06

 Mean (sd)

0.73 (1.59)

0.83 (1.69)

  

 Median

0

0

  

 Q1, Q3

0, 1

0, 1

  

 Min, Max

0, 18

0, 15

  

Charlson comorbidity scoreb,c n (%)

  

<0.01

0.07

 0

21590 (70.1%)

61993 (67.1%)

  

 1

4442 (14.4%)

13821 (15.0%)

  

 ≥2

4777 (15.5%)

16613 (18.0%)

  

Frailty indexb,d

  

<0.01

0.06

 Mean (sd)

0.12 (0.03)

0.12 (0.03)

  

 Median

0.11

0.11

  

 Q1, Q3

0.10, 0.13

0.10, 0.13

  

 Min, max

0.05, 0.40

0.05, 0.42

  

Frailty indexb,d, n (%)

  

<0.01

0.08

 Quartile 1

7169 (23.3%)

21404 (23.2%)

  

 Quartile 2

8926 (29.0%)

24117 (26.1%)

  

 Quartile 3

7666 (24.9%)

23147 (25.0%)

  

 Quartile 4, most frail

7048 (22.9%)

23759 (25.7%)

  

Chronic diseasesb, n (%)

    

 Kidney disease

1623 (5.3%)

5549 (6.0%)

<0.01

0.03

 Heart disease

1069 (3.5%)

3632 (3.9%)

<0.01

0.02

 Lung disease

2842 (9.2%)

9495 (10.3%)

<0.01

0.04

 Liver disease

1155 (3.7%)

4137 (4.5%)

<0.01

0.04

 Diabetes

4313 (14.0%)

13766 (14.9%)

<0.01

0.03

 Immunocompromised, n (%)

1165 (3.8%)

4326 (4.7%)

<0.01

0.04

 HIV/AIDS, n

78

365

  

Leukemia/lymphoma, congenital and other immunodeficiencies, asplenia/hyposplenia, n

425

1443

  

Hematopoietic stem cell transplant/organ transplant, n

145

459

  

Immunosuppressant medications, n

785

2906

  

Autoimmune conditionsb, n (%)

922 (3.0%)

3110 (3.4%)

<0.01

0.02

Rheumatoid arthritis, n

388

1340

  

Inflammatory bowel disease, n

194

705

  

Psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis, n

326

973

  

Multiple sclerosis, n

54

165

  

Systemic lupus erythematosus, n

79

317

  

Pregnant at specimen collection date, n (%)

742 (2.4%)

3954 (4.3%)

<0.01

0.10

1st trimester, n

126

370

  

2nd trimester, n

216

533

  

3rd trimester, n

400

3051

  

History of SARS-CoV-2 infection, n (%)

4512 (14.6%)

19811 (21.4%)

<0.01

0.18

History of SARS-CoV-2 molecular teste, n (%)

23802 (77.3%)

64378 (69.7%)

<0.01

0.17

Number of outpatient and virtual visitsb, n (%)

  

<0.01

0.15

 0

2157 (7.0%)

5649 (6.1%)

  

 1–4

8192 (26.6%)

19958 (21.6%)

  

 5–10

8951 (29.1%)

26395 (28.6%)

  

 ≥11

11509 (37.4%)

40425 (43.7%)

  

Number of Emergency Department visitsb, n (%)

 

<0.01

0.07

 0

24801 (80.5%)

71843 (77.7%)

  

 1

3920 (12.7%)

13648 (14.8%)

  

 ≥2

2088 (6.8%)

6936 (7.5%)

  

Number of hospitalizationsb, n (%)

  

<0.01

0.03

0

29016 (94.2%)

86543 (93.6%)

  

1

1391 (4.5%)

4437 (4.8%)

  

≥2

402 (1.3%)

1447 (1.6%)

  

Preventive careb, n (%)

21899 (71.1%)

69064 (74.7%)

<0.01

0.08

Medicaid, n (%)

2941 (9.5%)

10057 (10.9%)

<0.01

0.04

Neighborhood median household income, n (%)

 

0.02

0.02

 <$40,000

1099 (3.6%)

3545 (3.8%)

  

 $40,000–$59,999

5657 (18.4%)

17505 (18.9%)

  

 $60,000–$79,999

7710 (25.0%)

22652 (24.5%)

  

 $80,000+

16324 (53.0%)

48665 (52.7%)

  

 Unknown

19 (0.1%)

60 (0.1%)

  

KPSC physician/employee, n (%)

1755 (5.7%)

3664 (4.0%)

<0.01

0.08

Medical center areaf

  

<0.01

0.15

Month of specimen collection, n (%)

  

<0.01

0.23

 January 2022

6797 (22.1%)

23700 (25.6%)

  

 February 2022

4602 (14.9%)

9108 (9.9%)

  

 March 2022

1311 (4.3%)

6199 (6.7%)

  

 April 2022

2613 (8.5%)

11177 (12.1%)

  

 May 2022

7828 (25.4%)

21047 (22.8%)

  

 June 2022

7658 (24.9%)

21196 (22.9%)

  

Specimen type, n (%)

  

0.85

<0.01

 Nasopharyngeal/oropharyngeal swab

25387 (82.4%)

76116 (82.4%)

  

 Saliva

5422 (17.6%)

16311 (17.6%)

  
  1. aDefined in the 2 years prior to specimen collection date.
  2. bDefined in the 1 year prior to specimen collection date.
  3. cPossible range: 0–2943.
  4. dPossible range: 0–144.
  5. eDefined based on all available medical records from 1 March 2020 to specimen collection date.
  6. fFrequency and percent for the 19 medical center areas are not shown.
  7. χ2 tests were used for categorical variables and two-sided, two-sample t tests were used for continuous variables. No adjustments were made for multiple comparisons. ASD absolute standardized difference, N/A not applicable.
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