Fig. 2: CO2RR performance comparison between functionalised and organic-functionalised Cu2O catalysts using different metrics.

FE comparison of Cu2O-derived Cu with and without surface functionalisation group: a Cu-0, b Cu-Hist, c Cu-ImPA, d Cu-Im, e Cu-2mIm, and their respective, f total current density. g Stability of Cu-Hist at −1.6 V over 48 h. Dark blue line represents the total current density (jtot). Products were sampled 5 times at t = 0, 15, 24, 38, and 48 h for the stability experiment. Periodic dips seen in the jtot plot are due to current re-stabilisation during electrolyte refresh. Error bars represent the standard deviation of three independent measurements.