Fig. 5: Mean and standard error of the mean (SEM) for grain yield benefit associated with waterlogging tolerant genotypes relative to waterlogging susceptible genotypes for 2040 (2030–2059).

Values were computed across years and 27 GCMs in which barley growing season rainfall was higher than the 90th percentile; numerical values shown in each panel represent mean grain yield benefit across sites, years and GCMs. The map was modified using R package ggplot2’maps (version 3.4.0)’ with the Natural Earth dataset in a public domain (https://www.naturalearthdata.com).