Table 1 Rustrela virus (RusV) detection in brain samples from cats with or without signs of ‘staggering disease’

Group	Years	n	RusV detection (positive/total animals)
Country			HTS	RT-qPCR	ISH	IHC	Total^a
Cats matching the criteria of ‘staggering disease’
Sweden	2017–2021	15	9/9	15/15	15/15	15/15	15/15
Austria	1991–1993	9	4/5	8/9	7/9	8/9	8/9
Germany	2017–2022	5	2/3	3/5	2/5	4/5	4/5
Cats with other types of encephalitis^b
Germany	2017–2020	8	0/3	0/8	0/3	0/8	0/8
Cats without encephalitis^b
Sweden	2021–2022	7	n.d.	0/7	0/6	0/7	0/7
Austria	2021	5	n.d.	0/5	0/5	0/5	0/5
Germany	2018–2020	9	n.d.	0/9	0/3	0/9	0/9

HTS high-throughput sequencing followed by metagenomic analysis, ISH in situ hybridization using RNAscope, IHC immunohistochemistry, n.d. not determined.
^aCats were considered RusV-positive if RusV RNA and/or antigen was detected by at least two of the applied methods (RT-qPCR, ISH, IHC, sequencing by HTS).
^bDetailed information on individuals included in these groups is provided in Supplementary Table 4.

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