Fig. 4: Photovoltaic characteristics and stability of PSCs based on control, B-FTPA and BS-FTPA. | Nature Communications

Fig. 4: Photovoltaic characteristics and stability of PSCs based on control, B-FTPA and BS-FTPA.

From: Orientated crystallization of FA-based perovskite via hydrogen-bonded polymer network for efficient and stable solar cells

Fig. 4

a A cross-sectional SEM images showed the device architectures: FTO/SnO2/perovskite/Spiro-OMeTAD/Au for control, FTO/SnO2/B-FPTA perovskite (with FTPA 43.13 mg mL−1 in the bulk)/FTPA (2 mg mL−1)/Spiro-OMeTAD/ Au for BS-FTPA; ToF-SIMS cross-section images presented the element distribution in BS-FTPA. C12H10N- signals attributed to the diphenylamine branches of FTPA and Spiro-OMeTAD; F- signals corresponding to the Li-TFSI in Spiro-OMeTAD solution, FTPA in bulk and surface of perovskite, and FTO; the PbI3- signals corresponding to the perovskite. b J-V curves of the champion PSCs. c IPCE spectra of the devices integrated over the AM 1.5 G (100 mW cm−2) solar spectrum. d Semilog plot of IPCE at the absorption onset for BS-FTPA based PSCs, measured using FTPS at Jsc. An Urbach energy (Eu) of 14.5 meV can be obtained from the red line, a sharp absorption edge. e Statistical device data based on 30 devices. f Device stability of unencapsulated devices under1-sun illumination at 23 ± 2 °C in a nitrogen atmosphere (ISOS-LC-1). g Device stability of unencapsulated devices held at 25 ± 5 °C and 50 ± 10% relative humidity (RH) (ISOS-D-1). h Contact angle of perovskite films, and photographs of perovskite films dipped in water, FTO/SnO2/perovskite for control and FTO/SnO2/B-FTPA/FTPA for BS-FTPA. i Device stability of unencapsulated devices under 65 ± 3 °C thermal aging (ISOS-T-1). All of the error bars in Fig. 4f, g and i represent the standard deviation for six devices.

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