Fig. 1: Electron beam induced shape-memory effect in twisted BTO/CFO nanocomposites.

a Schematic diagram of the twisted BTO/CFO fabrication process and the shape-memory effect under electron beam irradiation. b SEM image (45° tilted) of the fabricated twisted BTO/CFO nanocomposite. c Permanent deformation after the application of large tensile stress and shape-memory effect under the electron beam irradiation. Scale bars indicate 10 µm.