Fig. 5: Organic solvent nanofiltration performance of MNG membrane.

a Permeance of pure organic solvents across 200 nm thick NG and MNG membranes as a function of viscosity. b–d Nanofiltration performance of MNG membranes tested with several organic solvents and dye molecules including methylene blue (MnB), rhodamine B (RhB), acid red 1 (AR), congo red (CR), methyl blue (MB), brilliant blue G (BBG), and evans blue (EB) at 3 bar: IPA (b), ethanol (c), NMP (d). e Comparison of IPA nanofiltration performances. All data points were averaged from at least three samples.