Table 2 The associations between the timing of MVPA and mortality risk

Outcomes	Events/n	Person-years	Model 1 HR (95% CI); P	Model 2 HR (95% CI); P	Model 3 HR (95% CI); P^a
All-cause mortality	3088/92,139	638,825
Morning	652/15,865	109,537	1.00 (reference)	1.00 (reference)	1.00 (reference)
Midday-afternoon	1432/41,125	284,481	0.85 (0.78–0.94); 7.5e-4	0.87 (0.79–0.96); 0.003	0.89 (0.81–0.98); 0.01^a
Evening	249/8307	57,768	1.05 (0.91–1.21); 0.54	1.05 (0.91–1.22); 0.49	0.98 (0.84–1.13); 0.76
Mixed	755/26,842	187,039	0.88 (0.79–0.97); 0.01	0.89 (0.80–0.99); 0.03	0.89 (0.80–0.99); 0.03^a
CVD mortality	1076/92,139	638,825
Morning	274/15,865	109,537	1.00 (reference)	1.00 (reference)	1.00 (reference)
Midday-afternoon	464/41,125	284,481	0.66 (0.57–0.77); 4.4e-8	0.68 (0.59–0.79); 6.8e-7	0.72 (0.62–0.84); 2.0e-5^a
Evening	90/8307	57,768	0.94 (0.74–1.20); 0.64	0.96 (0.76–1.22); 0.74	0.87 (0.68–1.11); 0.26
Mixed	248/26,842	187,039	0.72 (0.60–0.85); 1.7e-4	0.73 (0.62–0.87); 4.9e-4	0.74 (0.62–0.88); 8.1e-4^a
Cancer mortality	1872/92,139	638,825
Morning	362/15,865	109,537	1.00 (reference)	1.00 (reference)	1.00 (reference)
Midday-afternoon	888/41,125	284,481	0.95 (0.84–1.08); 0.42	0.97 (0.85–1.09); 0.58	0.97 (0.86–1.10); 0.64
Evening	154/8307	57,768	1.14 (0.94–1.37); 0.19	1.14 (0.94–1.38); 0.18	1.07 (0.89–1.30); 0.47
Mixed	468/26,842	187,039	0.96 (0.83–1.10); 0.53	0.96 (0.84–1.11); 0.61	0.96 (0.84–1.11); 0.60

Cox proportional hazard regression was used to examine the associations. Model 1 was adjusted for age and sex. Model 2 was adjusted as in model 1 and for ethnicity, Townsend deprivation index, recruitment center, education level, the season of accelerometer wear, healthy diet score, smoking status, and alcohol intake. Model 3 was adjusted as in model 2 and for sleep duration (<7, 7–8, >8 h), sleep midpoint, and total MVPA volumes.
CVD cardiovascular disease, HR hazard ratio, MVPA moderate to vigorous physical activity.
^aP values remained significant after multiple testing with the FDR method.

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