Fig. 6: NANA induced human T-cell exhaustion in vitro. | Nature Communications

Fig. 6: NANA induced human T-cell exhaustion in vitro.

From: N-acetylneuraminic acid links immune exhaustion and accelerated memory deficit in diet-induced obese Alzheimer’s disease mouse model

Fig. 6

a–e Effect of NANA on human T cells from peripheral blood cultured in vitro. a Schematic presentation of treatment regimen. b–e Assessment of proliferative ability (b, c) and PD-1 geometric mean fluorescence intensity (gMFI; d, e) in human CD4+ T cells. The shown experiment is one of three independent experiments where different NANA concentrations were tested (Methods, Data reporting section). Sample n = 4 individuals. From each individual, one aliquot of T cells was treated with NANA, and one with medium as control. Statistical analyses: paired two-tailed Student’s t test. b, d Black lines connect paired points. c, e Histograms of representative samples. f, g Bulk RNA-Seq of the same human T-cell cultures in (a–e). f Heatmap showing significantly (FDR-adjusted DESeq2 P-value <0.050) upregulated (red) and downregulated genes (blue). Each column represents one individual and each row one gene. For each individual, gene expression values are expressed as log-transformed fold-changes (NANA versus medium control). g Bar plot showing significantly (FDR-adjusted hypergeometric test P-value <0.050) upregulated (red) and downregulated (blue) pathways. b–e, g Source data are provided as a Source Data file.

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