Fig. 3: Electrochemical oxidation of organics with ultrafast turnovers.

a The current density enhancement of NiHC-pz-300 compared to NiHC-pz and β-Ni(OH)2 from the electrolytic current density at 1.45 V vs. RHE for 25 different substrates (0.1 M substrate in 1 M KOH). b The gravimetric current densities of NiHC-pz-300 at the loadings of 0.1 mgcat/cm2 and 1 mgcat/cm2 for 25 different substrates showing diffusion-controlled kinetics. c The polarization curves of NiHC-pz-300 under different loadings in 1 M KOH + 0.1 M urea. d The gravimetric current densities of NiHC-pz-300 at different loadings at 1.42 V vs. RHE and 1.50 V vs. RHE in 1 M KOH + 0.1 M urea, and the calculated TOF (1.50 V) values under different loadings. e The product yields and corresponding faradaic efficiencies of Ni(OH)2 (1 mgcat/cm2) and NiHC-pz-300 (1 mgcat/cm2) in 1 M KOH and 0.1 M substrates electrolyzed at 1.45 V vs. RHE for 1 h (except 1.50 V vs. RHE for 1,1,1-trifluoro-2-propanol).