Fig. 7: Schematic diagram of the salient mechanisms of how TiO2 reinforcements can improve the flexural property of densified bamboo.

a Deformation to fracture of densified and TiO2-reinforced densified bamboo under tension. Scale bars: 200 μm. b Micro TiO2-reinforcement mechanisms in the flexural deformation process. (i) Bonding mode of TiO2 on natural and densified bamboo. (ii) Hydrogen bonds of TiO2-reinforced densified bamboo. (iii) TiO2 toughening between bamboo microfibers. c Energy consumption of TiO2-reinforced densified bamboo.