Fig. 4: Real-space observations of disordered polar skyrmions and a square lattice of merons.
From: Emergent chirality in a polar meron to skyrmion phase transition
The curl of in-plane polarization (\(\mathop{\nabla }\limits^{ \rightharpoonup }\times \mathop{P}\limits^{ \rightharpoonup }\))[001] showing the rotation directions of the structures at temperatures of (A) 298 K and (B) 373 K. C, D Enlarged in-plane polarization mapping from the yellow box region of A and B, respectively exhibiting the skyrmion texture at 298 K and local ordered meron textures at 373 K. E, F Details of (C, D), where vortices (clockwise: green, counterclockwise: blue) and antivortices (red) are labeled. The dots in circles represent polarization pointing out of the page, while the cross points into the page.
