Fig. 4: DFT calculation of the ODHP reaction pathway on the B2O3/Ni(111) model surfaces.

The activation of the active site is shown from state A to state C. States C to H (H') illustrate the catalytic cycles of the ODHP reactions. The light blue, red, pink, gray and white atoms represent the Ni, O, B, C, and H atoms of the system. The Gibbs free-energy change of each step is presented in the figure of the reaction profile.