Fig. 3: The bird gut microbiota and relative abundance of Pantoea are strongly affected by the consumption of Ochradenus baccatus fruits. | Nature Communications

Fig. 3: The bird gut microbiota and relative abundance of Pantoea are strongly affected by the consumption of Ochradenus baccatus fruits.

From: Bacterial detoxification of plant defence secondary metabolites mediates the interaction between a shrub and frugivorous birds

Fig. 3

a The difference in the microbiota composition of naïve (N.; triangles) and experienced (E.; Circles) birds feeding on banana (ban.; Yellow) or O. baccatus fruits (O.b.; Blue). Non-metric multidimensional scaling analysis (NMDS) based on the Bray–Curtis dissimilarity matrix (Stress k=2 = 0.12) reveals that capturing location and diet have a strong effect on shaping bacterial populations; permutational analysis of variance (PERMANOVA), F = 6.67, df = 1, R2 = 0.074, P < 0.001 and F = 7.12, df = 1, R2 = 0.079, P < 0.001 for capturing location and diet, respectively. b Mean relative abundance of bacterial genera in experienced and naïve birds fed on bananas or O. baccatus fruits (see Fig. 1b for details on diet regime). c Mean relative abundance of bacterial genera in the fruits. d Change in the relative abundance of Pantoea ASV0003 (as a percentage of total bacterial sequences) per bird during different feeding days. Each marking is one bird: naïve (N. birds are marked with a circle; experienced (E.) birds with a triangle; birds feeding on O. baccatus fruits in blue and birds feeding on bananas in yellow. The arrow denotes the time of the diet switch; two-tailed linear discriminant analysis (LDA) effect size = 5.21, P < 0.0001. Source data are provided as a Source Data file and NGS data are available under BioProject PRJNA869874.

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