Fig. 1: Thrombocytopenia is linked to poor prognosis in MM patients.
a Assessment of platelet counts in newly diagnosed MM (NDMM) patients (n = 1,468). Three groups were defined as follows: patients with normal-platelet counts (120–300 × 109/L, n = 906), high-platelet counts (> 300 × 109/L, n = 116), and low-platelet counts (≤120 × 109/L, n = 446). b Platelet counts in PB (peripheral blood) of NDMM patients with different ISS stage (mean ± SD, nMM (ISS I) = 229, nMM (ISS II) = 372; nMM (ISS III) = 532). c, d Kaplan-Meier analyses of overall survival (OS) and progression free survival (PFS) in NDMM patients with normal-platelet counts (120–300 × 109/L, nMM (ISS I- II) = 264, nMM (ISS III) = 180), low-platelet counts (50–120 × 109/L, nMM (ISS I- II) = 87, nMM (ISS III) = 104) and low-platelet counts (<50 × 109/L, nMM (ISS I- II) = 14, nMM (ISS III) = 20). e Representative images of CD41+ MKs in BM biopsies of MM patients with normal platelet counts or low platelet counts by using immunohistochemical staining (scale bar, 100μm). f Statistical analysis of the number of CD41+ MKs per 100 mm2 in the BM biopsies of MM patients with normal platelet counts (n = 25) or low platelet counts (n = 19). Results represent means ± SD. g Assessment of the correlation between platelet counts and numbers of CD41+ MKs in BM (n = 44). h Schematic diagram of the experimental design to detect platelet counts, tumor burden, and the proportion of LSKs, CMPs, and MEP in 5TMG1 mice. i Dynamic changes of IgG2b levels during MM progression in 5TGM1 mice as detected with ELISA. Peripheral platelet counts of 5TGM1 mice were measured with haematology analyser (n = 6). j Assessment of the correlation between IgG2b levels and platelet counts in 5TGM1 mice (n = 37). k Representative images of immunofluorescence analysis for MKs staining using CD41-FITC antibody (Green) and Hoechst 33342 (Blue) in the BM of control mice (Ctrl mice) and 5TGM1 mice. Top, normal numbers of MKs in ctrl mice; bottom, decreased numbers of MKs in 5TGM1 mice. The scale bars are 1 mm and 100 µm for the left image and right image, respectively. Results represent means ± SD. An unpaired two-sided Student’s t-test was used to assess the difference in b, f; Two-sided log-rank (Mantel-Cox) test were used in c, d; Two-sided Pearson test were used in g, j. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.
