Fig. 5: The wormhole effect. | Nature Communications

Fig. 5: The wormhole effect.

From: Unlocking the general relationship between energy and entanglement spectra via the wormhole effect

Fig. 5

a Wormhole effect of worldlines going through a replica. It is a zoom-in of the region inside dotted box of (b). The gray part is the subsystem A and the white part is the environment \(\overline{A}\). The arrows go into bulk will decay to zero as β → . At the same time, the arrows go through the imaginary-time-edge of environment will reach the other side through “wormhole” without much attenuation. b The path integral of replica system which has both bulk and edge. The gray part is the subsystem A and the white part is the environment \(\overline{A}\). The red/blue line represents the worldline path inside the bulk/on the edge. c The Gk = π(τ) along imaginary time direction of the replica system for AFM spin ladder in Fig. 2b with L = β = 100 and βA = 100. The fast mode inside one replica and the slow mode between the replicas are clearly seen. c A worldline evolution in a normal path-integral of closed system.

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