Fig. 1: Typical topographic images and dI/dV spectra for Fe1−xSe regions with varying x values.

a–d Atomically resolved topographic images of four Fe1−xSe regions. Measurement conditions: a Vb = 0.5 V, It = 60 pA; b Vb = −0.55 V, It = 20 pA; c Vb = 0.1 V, It = 10 pA; d Vb = 0.1 V, It = 50 pA. e Typical dI/dV spectra within ±100 meV collected in defect-free FeSe regions (Vb = 100 mV, It = 80 pA, ΔV = 2 mV). Black arrows indicate the onsets of energy bands. f Averaged dI/dV spectra within ±40 meV collected in defect-free FeSe regions. The diamonds mark the positions of coherent peaks. Measurement conditions: Vb = 30 mV, It = 120 pA, ΔV = 0.1 mV for x = 1.34%; Vb = 40 mV, It = 120 pA, ΔV = 0.1 mV for other x values. g Evolution of dI/dV spectra across a type-I Fe-site defect in the Fe1−xSe region with x = 0.54%, taken along the green arrow in the inset. The distance from the spatial locations where the spectra are collected to the defect center is indicated and color-coded with the spectra. Inset: topographic image of a type-I Fe-site defect.