Fig. 5: Dependence of the spin–orbit torques anti-damping like components on the injected current density and on the temperature.

a Anti-damping like effective field µ₀H_AD as a function of the applied 2D current density for positive (blue) and negative (green) gate electric-field of ± 2.6 kV cm⁻¹ at the temperature of 10 K. Dashed and dotted lines are linear fits, yielding SOT effective fields µ₀H_AD = +1.36 mT/(A cm⁻¹) (−0.18 mT/(A cm⁻¹)) for positive (negative) gate electric-field. b, Temperature dependence of the SOT anti-damping like effective field µ₀H_AD at j = 2 A cm⁻¹ for positive (blue) and negative (green) gate electric-field of ± 2.6 kV cm⁻¹. All data have been measured with a nearly in-plane applied magnetic field (θ_H = 85°, φ_H = 45°).