Fig. 1: Screening for mitohormetics.

a Strictly standardized mean difference (SSMD) of each of the 982 compounds tested at 30 or 60 min after treatment of differentiated C2C12 myotubes (the lowest SSMD from the two timepoints in indicated). Compounds that induced a SSMD ≤ −2 are shown in orange (depolarizers). Compounds that increased mitochondrial potential or had no effect are shown in blue. b SSMD of the 96 depolarizing compounds identified in (a) were quantified 30 or 60 min after compound addition, and the lowest SSMD of both times is represented. c The same experiment as in (b), but measured 16 hours after compound addition. d–f Left panels represent the oxygen consumption rates (OCR) in differentiated C2C12 myotubes treated for 16 h with 1.3 μg/ml of harmol (d), harmine (e) or norharmane (f) following the sequential addition of oligomycin A (O), FCCP (F) and Rotenone/Antimycin A (R/A) at the indicated times (Mitostress Seahorse experiment). Panels on the right represent the spare respiratory capacity (SRC) parameter of the complete Mitostress experiment. g Chemical structure of the indicated compounds. Bars and line-connected circles represent the mean of the indicated number of replicates. Individual dots represent independent cell samples. Error bars represent the standard deviation. Isolated circles represent single replicates. Statistical significance was assessed calculating the SSMD parameter (a–c) or using the two-tailed unpaired Student t test (d–f). P values are indicated when P < 0.05. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.