Table 1 Characteristics of the cohort overall and according to COVID-19 outcomes
Overall | COVID-19 hospital admission | COVID-19 ICU admission | COVID-19 death | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
n | 4,660,502 | 47,174 | 4699 | 10,001 |
Age, years, mean (SD) | 53.6 (17) | 65.7 (17) | 63.3 (12) | 81.7 (10) |
Female, n (%) | 2,446,855 (52.5) | 22,288 (47.2) | 1508 (32.1) | 5149 (51.5) |
Tobacco smoking, n (%) | ||||
Non-smoker | 3,033,731 (65.1) | 31,911 (67.6) | 2878 (61.2) | 6943 (69.4) |
Former smoker | 680,895 (14.6) | 10,057 (21.3) | 1242 (26.4) | 2254 (22.5) |
Active smoker | 945,876 (20.3) | 5206 (11.0) | 579 (12.3) | 804 (8.0) |
Individual income group, n (%) | ||||
Low | 3,240,314 (69.5) | 34,119 (72.3) | 3229 (68.7) | 7909 (79.1) |
Middle | 1,393,153 (29.9) | 12,826 (27.2) | 1441 (30.7) | 2055 (20.5) |
High | 27,035 (0.6) | 229 (0.5) | 29 (0.6) | 37 (0.4) |
Health risk group, n (%) | ||||
Healthy | 2,334,035 (50.1) | 11,681 (24.8) | 1250 (26.6) | 567 (5.7) |
Low | 1,394,963 (29.9) | 13,601 (28.8) | 1563 (33.3) | 1903 (19.0) |
Moderate | 698,598 (15.0) | 13,133 (27.8) | 1252 (26.6) | 3838 (38.4) |
High | 232,906 (5.0) | 8759 (18.6) | 634 (13.5) | 3693 (36.9) |
Chronic comorbidities, n (%) | ||||
Diabetes mellitus | 471,419 (10.1) | 11,959 (25.4) | 1350 (28.7) | 3731 (37.3) |
Obesity | 1,160,099 (24.9) | 19,701 (41.8) | 2341 (49.8) | 3927 (39.3) |
COPD | 223,500 (4.8) | 6128 (13.0) | 557 (11.9) | 2116 (21.2) |
Hypertension | 1,181,252 (25.3) | 22,578 (47.9) | 2229 (47.4) | 6839 (68.4) |
Other cardiovascular disorders | 364,787 (7.8) | 9538 (20.2) | 785 (16.7) | 3662 (36.6) |
Dyslipidemia | 1,305,896 (28.0) | 20,539 (43.5) | 2209 (47.0) | 5119 (51.2) |
Nursing home status | - | 4433 (9.4) | 128 (2.7) | 2933 (29.3) |
Area of residence indicators | ||||
Urbanicity, n (%) | ||||
City | 2,893,786 (62.1) | 33,434 (70.9) | 3287 (70.0) | 6630 (66.3) |
Town and suburb | 1,360,492 (29.2) | 11,021 (23.4) | 1122 (23.9) | 2740 (27.4) |
Rural | 406,224 (8.7) | 2719 (5.8) | 290 (6.2) | 631 (6.3) |
Socioeconomic indexes | ||||
Small area socioeconomic index, median [IQR] | 41.05 [32.20, 49.45] | 41.71 [32.69, 50.90] | 42.32 [33.72, 51.26] | 40.78 [32.16, 49.50] |
Deprivation index, z-score, median [IQR] | −0.54 [−1.04, −0.04] | −0.52 [−1.03, 0.02] | −0.45 [−0.98, 0.09] | −0.60 [−1.09, −0.06] |
Percentage of non-Spanish residents, %, median [IQR] | 11.8 [7.0, 18.2] | 12.5 [7.6, 19.3] | 13.2 [8.0, 20.4] | 12.0 [7.3, 18.2] |
Gini index, median [IQR] | 29.5 [27.2, 32.3] | 29.6 [27.2, 32.2] | 29.6 [27.3, 32.2] | 29.7 [27.3, 32.4] |
Health access | ||||
Distance to closest primary care unit, meters, median [IQR] | 422 [262, 644] | 409 [258, 600] | 397 [252, 587] | 422 [264, 632] |
Average weekly TPP, %, median [IQR] | 9.16 [7.95, 10.01] | 9.19 [8.09, 10.01] | 9.19 [8.09, 10.14] | 9.16 [8.09, 10.14] |
