Fig. 2: Fabrication and light scattering performance of iCarP.
From: A biodegradable, flexible photonic patch for in vivo phototherapy
a Fabrication of TOF in PMCL patch. An air gap was generated to obtain iCarP. b–d Photonic devices of flat-end optical fiber (FEOF) (b), tapered optical fiber (TOF) embedded in PMCL patch (c), and iCarP (d). (i) schematic diagram of the devices, (ii) microscopic view of the devices (representative for > 3 devices), scale bar = 100 μm, inset of c: tapered fiber tip, scale bar = 2 μm, (iii, iv) front view (iii) and side view (iv) of the photonic devices in (i) and fluorescence excited by emitted light, scale bar = 5 mm. * indicates the dark region in forward direction of iCarP. scale bar = 5 mm. e Simulated electric field intensity distribution of light emitted from the photonic devices, (i) TOF in PMCL without air gap, (ii) TOF in air, (iii) iCarP with d of 5 μm, (iv) iCarP with d of 120 μm. f Top: the axisymmetric cross-section diagram of the air gap and the tip of TOF in iCarP, bottom: the relationship between the percentage of lateral optical power (Ps) to total power (P) and d, inset: local light path diagram, (z: distance between the TOF tip to the tip of air gap; αt: the angle between the tangent plane of the air/PMCL interface and the axial direction of the TOF; αt’: the angle between the normal line of the tangent plane and the axial direction of the TOF; αi: the divergence angle of incident light; θ1: angle of incidence on air side; θ2: angle of refraction on PMCL side; P: total optical power out of air gap; Ps: optical power out of forward propagation region). g Scheme of detection of oxygen production of chlorella induced by iCarP illumination: iCarP (left) and TOF (right) at “on” state were immersed in the chlorella suspension (green), and the oxygen production was monitored. h Cumulative oxygen production of chlorella induced by iCarP or TOF illumination, and in dark.
