Table 1 Included agricultural reduction measures, associated reduction efficiencies (when fully applied) and underlying literature

CH₄ - Enteric fermentation

Addition of nitrate to the feed

21–42

^{58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65}

Genetic selection and breeding

8–31

^{66,67,68,69,70}

Adding tannins as a food supplement

10–32

^{71,72,73,74,75}

Grain processing

10–38

^73,76,77,78

Improved health monitoring and illness prevention

4–20

^28,68,79,80

Seaweed (Asparagopsis taxiformis)

12–99.5

^{81,82,83,84,85,86,87,88}

CH₄ - Rice production

Rice straw mitigation

26.5–61

^{29,30,31,89,90,91}

Direct seeding

16.6–47

^{29,91,92,93,94}

Replacing urea with ammonium sulfate

14.18–42

^29,91,95,96

Addition of phosphogypsum

28–86

^{29,91,97,98,99,100}

Alternate flooding and drainage

18.8–79

^{29,31,32,41,42,74,91,101,102,103,104,105,106,107,108,109,110,111,112,113,114,115}

CH₄ - Manure

Manure acidification

61–98

^{73,90,116,117,118,119,120}

Anaerobic digestion

25–75

^{29,121,122,123}

Solid-liquid separation

46–81

^121,122

Manure storage: duration

38–76

¹²⁴

Housing systems and beddings

4–96

^{58,73,125,126,127,128,129}

Manure storage covering

0–90

^{58,73,118,130}

N₂O - Fertilizer

Nitrification inhibitors

17–60

^{53,58,131,132,133,134,135,136,137,138,139,140,141}

Improved land manure application

5–50

^{33,138,142,143,144,145}

Irrigation practices

15–67

^{146,147,148,149}

Biochar

14–38

^{150,151,152,153}

Spreader maintenance

22–42

^{13,29,154,155}

Improved agronomy practices

14–54

^{33,156,157,158,159,160,161}

No-tillage

25–48

^{162,163,164,165,166}

N₂O- Manure

Reduced dietary protein

0–52

^{73,167,168,169,170,171}

Decreased manure storage time

35–35

⁷³

Manure storage covering

30–75

^58,73

Improved animal housing systems and bedding

9–88

^{58,125,127,128}

Anaerobic digestion

34–75

^123,172,173

Acidification

0–96

^{174,175,176,177,178,179}